Principles
Systems, patterns, and understanding
Top down thinking
Most thought processes, disciplines, scientific research, scholarship, approach the search for truth as building a base working upwards to a pinnacle where truth becomes known. This never works out fully. One is always left out on a tangent.
The only approach that does work is from the top down. You start with the biggest and most encompassing conclusion and work your way down to the particulars.
How does one know if one has the right conclusion? I suspect that a prerequisite for grasping top down thinking is to have already reached the right conclusion. Put another way, only one conclusion will fit. A wrong conclusion should not fit.
If a particular thought, concept, or fact can't be placed anywhere, wait. In time a place will be found for it, even if other particulars have to be rearranged.
.